rupture

Earth

Seismic rupture patterns reveal that the Mamara fault directs a considerable seismic energy towards Istanbul

Overview of the Marmara region, urban areas of Istanbul’s metropolis (red outline) and the main Marmara fault (red line). The orange circles represent earthquakes with estimated directionality, and CL 1-4 represent clusters of earthquakes. The black arrows represent the preferred direction of rupture. A thorough analysis indicates that the most repetitive direction of rupture propagation is 85°N, thus heading towards…