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Science
Unlocking the possibilities of coffee: Physics offers a path to better brewing
At Arnold Mathijssen Lab, researchers have used gooseneck kettles, coffee grinders and fast analysis along with gooseneck kettles, coffee grinders and fast analysis to study the fluid dynamics and mechanisms of coffee brewing to reveal how to maximize flavor on less ground. The findings help researchers understand the dynamics of bodily fluids. Credit: Ernest Park The cost of the Raw…
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Biology
A video game-inspired approach offers a new way to visualize limb development
Laura Aviñó-Esteban of the Sharpe group has developed a new method for “interpolated” gene expression data. Credits: Laura Aviñó-Esteban, Holly Jones/Embl From a single cell to the whole organism, embryonic development is a continuous and constant process of change. However, understanding of this process can be limited by the fact that this process can only be observed as “snapshots,” particularly…
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Chemistry
Selective combustion offers an energy-efficient alternative to remove contaminants from industrial processes
This diagram shows the combustion of a small amount of acetylene in a mixture with ethylene. Credit: Greg Stewart/SLAC National Accelerator Research Institute Researchers at the University of Minnesota Twin City have discovered a new method that allows the catalyst to be used to selectively burn a single molecule with a mixture of hydrocarbons, a compound made of hydrogen and…
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Chemistry
Protein denaturation offers a path to more sustainable 3D printing of photoresins
A biodegradable alternative to some commodity plastics. Credit: Andrew J. Boydston The majority of photoresins for 3D printing (also known as additive manufacturing or AM) and related technologies are toxic, non-biodegradable, and sourced from unsustainable sources. Non-traditional approaches to 3D printing offer a way to break through the traditional limitations of chemical methods that require unsustainable petroleum-based reagents and toxic…
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Physics
Twisted Light: A new metasurface offers a compact solution for circularly polarized light
Generation of circularly polarized nonlinear signals from rotationally symmetric chiral metasurfaces under arbitrary polarization excitation. Credit: SUTD Left and right circularly polarized light, in which electromagnetic waves spiral clockwise and counterclockwise, plays an important role in a wide range of applications, from enhancing medical imaging technology to enabling advanced communication technologies. However, generating circularly polarized light often requires complex and…
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Chemistry
From CO₂ to acetaldehyde: new copper catalyst offers green alternative to fossil fuel-based processes
Copper cluster catalyst on activated carbon. Credit: Cedric Coolen (EPFL) Acetaldehyde is an important chemical used in the production of everything from perfume to plastics. Currently, its production relies primarily on the petrochemical ethylene. However, growing environmental concerns have pushed the chemical industry to reduce its dependence on fossil fuels, and scientists have been searching for more environmentally friendly ways…
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Science
Organosilicon chemistry offers an alternative to PFAS in the food and medical industry
Many medical products require hydrophobic coatings to prevent cell adhesion or to optimize sliding and frictional properties. Fraunhofer IFAM has developed a fluorine-free coating that mimics the properties of previously available fluoropolymers, as demonstrated by hydrophobic coatings on synthetic nonwovens. Credit: Fraunhofer IFAM Due to the unique properties of PFAS, few chemicals can compete with them. This is why it…
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Science
The relationship between algae and jellyfish offers insights into immune health
(a) Schematic representation of the four comparisons made during the differential gene expression analysis, divided into symbiotic status comparisons and pathogen response comparisons. SM, S. marcescens. (b) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes that overlap between all differential gene expression comparisons. Specific comparisons are indicated by a polyp icon. Credit: Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences (2024). DOI:…
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Space & Cosmos
Innovative model offers new way for astronomers to analyze powerful cosmic explosions
The explosion of a massive star leads to the ejection of its outer shell, and this “ejecta” expands outward over time and interacts with the star’s surrounding medium upon its death. This interaction creates two shock waves and a contact discontinuity (collectively known as a “shell”) that dissipates kinetic energy in exchange for producing more light. Eric Coughlin’s new model…
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Earth
Geographer presents new risk model that offers a more nuanced view of complex crises
Stages of the multiple stressor framework. Credit: One Earth (2024). DOI: 10.1016/j.oneear.2024.09.006 We live in a time of multiple crises: climate disasters, pandemics, species extinctions, and violent conflicts. Researchers and policymakers around the world are searching for ways to appropriately respond to this multi-headed monster. Easier said than done. “Systemic risks are increasingly concentrated in the Anthropocene, the era of…
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