model
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Physics
Physicists introduce percolation model to explain word puzzle solving behavior
Sample realization of L = 20, pb = 0.2. Black sites are black, empty sites are white, and occupied sites have symbols and text. All site segments surrounded by black sites are words. letters a, b,. . . indicates the cluster formed by the resolved word, and the @ symbol indicates an occupied site that does not belong to the…
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Chemistry
New transformer-based model for identifying alloy properties
In this study, we introduce AlloyBERT, a transformer encoder model tuned to predict properties such as elastic modulus and yield strength of alloys based on text input. Credit: https://github.com/cakshat/AlloyBERT?tab=readme-ov-file Determining alloy properties can be expensive and time consuming. Experiments with alloys are often resource intensive. Alloy calculations can also be very complex, with a seemingly infinite number of configurations of…
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Biology
New computational model allows more accurate prediction of antibody structure
Overview of AbMAP embedding generation and its architecture. (A) Given an input antibody sequence, the pipeline generates embeddings that can be applied to various downstream tasks such as structure/property prediction and antibody repertoire analysis. (B) The AbMAP pipeline begins with in silico mutagenesis focused on the CDRs of the input antibody sequence. These are fed into the AbMAP transformer architecture,…
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Earth
Thermodynamic model determines how gold reaches the earth’s surface
Credit: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2024). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2404731121 A research team including scientists from the University of Michigan has discovered a new gold-sulfur complex that can help researchers understand how gold deposits form. Gold in deposits associated with volcanoes around the Pacific Ring of Fire originates from the Earth’s mantle and is transported to the surface by…
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Earth
Digital elevation model provides information about the Aufey field in the Trans-Himalayan region
Seasonal ophei fields, such as those found in Gya, are spread across parts of India’s Ladakh and Tibetan plateaus. The thickness can reach several meters (Photo taken on January 27, 2024). Credit: Marcus Nusser A team of geographers from Heidelberg University’s South Asia Institute studied the thickness and volume of the previously unexplored Aufey field in the trans-Himalayan region of…
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Earth
3D model helps researchers understand climate impact of eddies
(A) Snapshot of the SSHA distribution in the Kuroshio extension region on May 16, 2015, and the corresponding long and short axes of the eddy. (B) 3D structure of the mesoscale vortex using PV contours on the three isopycnal surfaces of the warm core vortex. (C) Same as (B) except for the cold core vortex. Credit: 2024 Zhengguang Zhang et…
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Environment
New model integrates data to improve typhoon forecasts
HAIYAN-I is about to take off for an observation mission. Credit: Liu Zhenyu Over the past few decades, as typhoons have frequently made landfall in southern China, the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical Oceanography and Meteorology has developed a model called CMA-TRAMS that provides operational forecasting products for typhoons. After many years of research, scientists have found that the ability of…
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Earth
New model can predict ocean heatwaves and extreme ocean acidity months in advance
Prediction skill of MHW, OAX(Ωa), OAX((H+)). Credit: Nature Geoscience (2024). DOI: 10.1038/s41561-024-01593-0 In the 21st century, the Earth’s oceans are becoming warmer and more acidic. This change occurs slowly over the long term, but can also cause short-term local spikes. These events are like heat waves or days of poor air quality that we experience on land, but only under…
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Earth
New model sheds light on groundwater decline by linking irrigation decisions to groundwater use
Hibbard Spring at the southern end of Warm Springs Valley in Oregon’s Harney Basin. View towards the east. Credit: Joseph Kennedy, USGS. Sustainable groundwater withdrawal rates in Oregon’s Harney Basin were higher than they were 20 years before groundwater levels were generally acknowledged to be declining, a new analysis finds. Lagging recognition of the impacts of groundwater use is just…
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Chemistry
A simple model system can disassemble fibrils and study therapeutic drugs for neurodegenerative diseases
Credit: Journal of the American Chemical Society (2024). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c11285 The causes of many diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease, are found at the molecular level, or proteins, in our bodies. In healthy systems, these proteins are responsible for numerous physiological functions. They can also assemble into groups of many proteins to perform specific tasks. Once the job…
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