Sound waves create glass that is permanently repeated with water

Researchers at Curtin University have developed new technology to create Glass Water Repellent, a feature that can improve vehicle safety, reduce building cleaning costs and enhance filtration systems.

This study, published in Advanced Functional Materials, shows how an innovative, non-toxic process using ultrasound waves alters the surface of the glass, either hydrophobic (water resistant) or electric charging.

Nadim Darwish, a future fellow at Ark at Curtin’s School of Molecular Life Sciences (MLS), explained that the process uses ultrasound to induce chemical reactions that permanently transform the surface of the glass.

“Sound waves create microscopic bubbles in the diazonium salt solution, which quickly collapse, creating small bursts of heat and pressure,” Associate Professor Darwish said.

“This causes a reaction that forms a stable organic layer in the glass, and is permanently water reflector or positively charged, depending on the type of diazonium salt used.

Dr. Tiexin Li, co-author of The Curtin’s School of MLS researcher Dr. Tiexin Li said the ability to modify glass surfaces in a simple and sustainable way has a widespread impact across multiple industries.

“Glass is used everywhere, from cars and buildings to industrial filters, but the natural tendency to attract water limits performance,” Dr. Li said.

“Unlike traditional coatings, this film will not peel off, dissolve or deteriorate, making it ideal for real-world applications where reliability and durability are important. This could mean heavy rain, self-cleaning skyscraper windows, and a clearer windshield with dust-free solar panels.”

Also, Zane Datson, co-author of Curtin’s MLS school, highlighted another unexpected advantage: the ability of altered glass to attract bacteria, fungi and algae.

“This is extremely exciting as the glass properties can be tailored to a specific application, such as advanced filtration systems and biofuel production,” Dutson said.

“For example, coated glass can help bond yeasts during brewing, capture bacteria in wastewater filtration systems, and act as a chemical barrier to microorganisms in air filters.”

The research team is currently looking for industry partners to test and expand technology, particularly in the automotive, construction and environmental sectors.

This study was conducted in collaboration with the University of Queensland, Flinders University, University of Western Australia and Charles Sturt University.