New Manzanita species discovered in California are already at risk

A new species of Manzanita, a California native shrub famous for its twisted branches and wildfire resilience, was discovered on the central coast, but its survival could destroy many of its already vulnerable population It is threatened by urban development.

This finding is detailed in a study published in Phytokeys, where researchers used genetic analysis to confirm the plants as different species. Arctostaphylos nipumu stands out for its furry, gray bark, unlike the iconic red bark found in most California Manzanitas, to celebrate the Nipomo Mesa where it was discovered and its indigenous heritage.

Manzanitas is a hallmark of California’s natural landscapes, celebrated with twisted branches, smooth red bark and outstanding adaptability to fire-prone environments. With over 60 species native to the state, they play an important role in the local ecosystem, providing food and shelter for wildlife. Historically, it was also the center of indigenous lives that used its fruits, medicine leaves, tools and fire for food.

Crossing California’s borders, only a few species exist, making the state a global center for diversity in Manzanita. The addition of A. nipumu deepens the heritage of this rich plant.

“We didn’t expect to find new species in such developed regions,” said Amy Litt, a biologist and research co-author at the UC Riverside plant. “However, when we looked at the plants, we realized that the Nipomo Mesa plants were very clear. After that, we showed that they not only look different, but are genetically unique. I’ve done it.”

Like many Manzanitas, A. Nipumu relies on fire to cause seed germination, but there is no conservative Burl to allow some species to be recreated after a wildfire. The lack of Burl means that the plants are not certain to survive attempts to move them to new locations.

A. nipumu is less than 700 (probably only 300) in the wild, and A. Nipumu is extremely vulnerable. Its fragmented habitat currently faces a major threat from the Dana Reserve Project, a recently approved residential development. According to maps included in the study, the project could affect up to half of Manzanita’s remaining population.

Researchers share their findings with local officials to highlight the potential ecological implications of the project.

“Our goal is to let the ongoing conversation know about conservation,” said Bill Wacott, a plant geneticist with the California Native Plant Society and paper co-author.

Environmental groups including the California Native Plant Society are A. Nipumu’s findings further emphasize the ecological significance of Nipomo Mesa.

This situation highlights the broader challenges in habitat recovery. Native species often rely on nursery stocks that lack genetic diversity in wild populations, making them more vulnerable to disease and environmental stress.

“Propagation from only a few individuals limits the pool of genetic diversity and reduces the variability of natural plants,” says Tito Abubo, co-author and graduate student at the Litt Institute. It states.

As the city continues to expand, scientists warn that if lost habitats like Nipomo Mesa are lost, it will be difficult, if not difficult, to fully recover.

“This manzanita is not just a plant,” Abubo said. “This is part of what makes this ecosystem unique. Losing it means erasing California’s natural history and heritage.”

A, as a legal battle is underway and construction plans are underway. The future of nipumu remains uncertain. But that formal recognition provides an important first step towards its protection.

“We need to learn how to live with this species and many other species.