How well the life of the earth can survive in Explanet?

This simple graphic indicates the atmosphere composition of the test bottle. Each bottle is a combination of different atmosphere composition and pressure. LB is an abbreviation of Sole -based soup, a source of nutrition of Escherichia coli K12. Credit: ARXIV (2025). Doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05297
Astronomers have found some wilderly planets. Some are lava balls, which are hell temperature, one is partially made of diamonds, and the other may rain on the molten iron. However, not all external planets are so extreme. The zones where stars can live are many rocks and roughly the world -sized world.
Can a simple earth life survive in some of these extreme worlds?
Currently, we explain the residence zone of the solar system using liquid water. If the planet is at an appropriate distance from the star to the stable ground water, it is in the resident zone. However, new studies have adopted different approaches by emphasizing the role of the planet’s atmosphere in their livability.
Scientists behind this study tested their thoughts by confirming whether microorganisms could survive in a simulated world.
The new research title is “the role of the atmosphere composition when defining the restrictions of the resident zone and supporting the growth of Escherichia coli” and is available on the ARXIV Preplin Server. The main author is Asena Kuzukan, a doctorate researcher at the Astronomical Bureau of Geneva, Switzerland.
Scientists have found nearly 6,000 outside planets on a planetary system of about 4,300. Is there life elsewhere, and can you live in one of the thousands of outside planets?
Some had the potential. TRAPPPIST1-E and PROXIMA CENTAURIRI B are both rocky rocks in the zone where stars can live. TO-700 D may be in a small and cool star on track and is in the resident zone. There are many others.
The simple definition of a living zone is limited to the distance of the planet from the star, and liquid water can last to the surface at that distance. However, scientists know that the planetary atmosphere plays a major role in living. The thick atmosphere of the planet outside the resident zone can help maintain liquid water.
“Each atmosphere has a uniqueness of the possibility of surface liquid water that defines a living zone (Hz) around the stars where liquid water exists,” says the author. However, liquid water does not guarantee that the world is available. In order to better understand the habit of the planet, the researchers followed two approaches.
They began by estimating the surface conditions near the end of the Hz of the Hz of different atmosphere composition.


This table of research shows the characteristics of planets and stars used in GCM simulation. Credit: ARXIV (2025). Doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05297
Next, they thought about whether global microorganisms could survive in these environments. They conducted an experiment of the lab in Escherichia coli, confirming whether they would grow and survive, or how they could survive. They focused on the composition of various gases in these atmosphere. The composition of the atmosphere was standard (Earth) air, pure CO2, N2 -rich, CH4 -rich, and pure molecular hydrogen.
In their experiments, 15 independent bottles were used for each of the five atmosphere compositions. Each bottle was inoculated with Escherichia coli K-12, a lab of Escherichia coli, the foundation of molecular biology research.
“This innovative combination of climate modeling and biological experiments brides the theoretical forecast for biological consequences,” he wrote in his research.
In addition to the laboratory experiments, the team performed a series of simulations with various atmosphere compositions and planetary characteristics.
“For each atmosphere we simulate, water is a variable ingredient that can be condensed or evaporated as a function of pressure/temperature conditions.” For each atmosphere composition, the planet was simulated at a different orbital distance to define the inner edge of Hz. In addition, the atmospheric pressure was changed.
“Using the 3D GCM (total circulation model) simulation, this study first see how these atmosphere configurations affect the inner end of the resident zone, and under these extreme conditions. We provide valuable insights on the theoretical limit of living nature. “
“In our discovery, the composition of the atmosphere has a significant impact on bacterial growth patterns, evaluating the habits of the outside planet, and emphasizes the importance of considering the diverse atmosphere when exploring life beyond the earth. They indicate what they are doing. “
Escherichia coli was surprisingly good with various atmosphere. There was a delay after vaccination as E. coli adapted, but in some tests, the cell density increased. The atmosphere rich in hydrogen worked surprisingly well.
“By the first day after vaccination, the cell density has increased in a standard air, CH4 rich, N2 rich, and a pure H2 atmosphere,” he wrote.
“The cell density increased in the standard air, CH4 rich, and N2 rich, but the pure H2 atmosphere was slightly stronger. If adapted occurs, anaerobic microbial life will occur. “
Conversely, the results of H2 are delayed. “But the pure CO2 has consistently presented the most challenging environment and has greatly grown,” said the paper.
Their results suggest that a planet with anaerobic atmosphere dominated by H2, CH4, or N2 can support the life of microorganisms even if the early growth is slower than the air on the earth.
“The ability to adapt to a very unfavorable conditions means that life can last on such a planet,” wrote.


This figure shows the number of cells of E. coli K12 in each simulated atmosphere. Credit: ARXIV (2025). Doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05297
The atmosphere rich in CO2 is the out of this work.
“Pure CO2’s consistent and poor growth emphasizes the limits of this gas in supporting life, especially for dependent nutritional creatures such as Escherichia coli,” says Kuzukan and her joint researcher.
However, the authors point out that some creatures can use CO2 as carbon sources in some environments. They explain that a planet with these types of atmosphere can still be used as a chemical nutrition and extreme substances.
This work is understood by combining the atmosphere and biological factors to understand the removal planet HZ.
“One of our important purposes was to define the limitations of the Hz of the planet -controlled planet -controlled planet, using 3D climate modeling, especially a general PCM model,” explained. Masu.
They discovered that the H2 atmosphere had a warming effect and said, “Push further ends of Hz into orbital distance than the atmosphere dominated by CO2.” 5 BAR may extend to 1.4 au, but the CO2 atmosphere with the same pressure was limited to 1.2 au.
“This has a deep impact on the atmosphere of the planetary climate, and the H2 atmosphere emphasizes how to further expand the residence zone from the host star,” says researcher.
Some of the atmosphere they test are some of the unlikely to last, but the results are still scientifically valuable.
“Some of the atmosphere scenarios (1-bar H2 and CO2) shown here have been simplified, and do not last on a geological time scale for processes such as hydrogen escape and carbonated lighting cycling. It is possible, but still provide valuable insights on these radial effects.
The atmosphere is very complicated and this research supports it. It also shows how much the life of the earth is.
“As a whole, these results emphasize both the resilience of Escherichia coli in the adaptation of diverse atmosphere conditions and the important roles of the atmosphere in determining the survival of microorganisms,” he said. In conclusion, it is explained.
The author acknowledges that their discovery is rooted in the earth -centered framework, but the results have a wider meaning. According to these results, life can prosper in a very different atmosphere and conditions.
“Therefore, our research emphasizes the importance of pressure on the composition of the atmosphere and habituality, while acknowledging the limits of our earth -centered perspective,” he wrote.
“By exploring both the condition of the atmosphere and the survival of microorganisms, we have a deeper understanding of the complex factors that affect the livability, and have opened the path to future research on the possibility of living beyond the solar system. “
Details: ASENA KUZUCAN et al, defining restrictions on residence zones, ARXIV (2025), the role of atmosphere composition when supporting the growth of Escherichia coli. Doi: 10.48550/ARXIV.2501.05297
Journal information: Arxiv
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