Does the evolution of planets support human-like lives? Study the odds of ups that we are not alone

Humanity is not extraordinary, and rather, according to a new model of how it developed on Earth, it may be the result of natural evolution for our planet and perhaps others.

A model that overturned decades-old “hard step” theory that intelligent life is an incredibly unlikely event suggests that it could have been either too difficult or impossible. A team of researchers from Pennsylvania who led the work said a new interpretation of human origin would increase the odds of intellectual life elsewhere in the universe.

“This is a huge change in the way we think about life’s history,” said Jennifer McCalady, a professor of geoscience in Pennsylvania and a paper co-author.

“The evolution of complex life suggests that there may be less interactions between luck and its environment, and ours to understand our origins and our place in the universe. In exploration, it opens the path for exciting new research.”

The “hard step” model, originally developed by theoretical physicist Brandon Carter in 1983, is the origin of our evolution, which is the time it took to evolve on Earth compared to the total lifespan of the sun, and therefore , therefore, it argues that the origin of our evolution is almost unlikely, because of its potential. Human beings are extremely low across the globe.

In a new study, a team of researchers, including astrophysicists and geoscientists, said that the Earth’s environment was initially difficult to live in many forms of life, only when the Earth’s environment reaches a “tolerant” state. He argued that important evolutionary steps would be possible.

For example, complex animal life requires a certain level of oxygen in the atmosphere, so oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere through photosynthesis is the oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere through microorganisms and bacteria, and oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere through planet nature It was a step in evolution. Dan Mills, a postdoctoral researcher at the University of Munich, and the paper’s lead author explained.

“Intelligent Life argues that it may not require a series of lucky breaks,” said Mills, who worked as an undergraduate researcher at the Astrobiology Institute in Makaladi, Pennsylvania.

“Humans did not evolve “early” or “slowly” in the history of the Earth, but when conditions were right. Perhaps it’s only a matter of time, and while other planets can probably achieve these conditions more quickly than Earth, other planets may take even longer. ”

The central prediction of the “hard step” theory is that, based on Carter’s, steps such as the origin of life, the development of complex cells, and the emergence of human intelligence, etc., are based on Carter’s, and when other civilizations exist, they are He says there is very little that exists. The interpretation of the total lifespan of the Sun is 10 billion years, and the age of the Earth is about 5 billion years old.

In a new study, researchers show the timing of human origin through continuous openings of “residence windows” to the history of the Earth, driven by changes in nutrient availability, sea surface temperature, ocean salinity levels and oxygen levels. I suggested something that could be explained. In the atmosphere.

Given all the interaction factors, they said that the Earth has only recently become kind to humanity. It is simply a natural result of workplace conditions.

“We believe we need to use geological time scales rather than predicting based on the lifespan of the sun, because it takes time for the atmosphere and landscape to change,” says Astronomy. said Jason Wright, professor of Co-author of Pennsylvania astrophysics and paper.

“These are the normal timescales on Earth. As life evolves with planets, they evolve at the planet’s pace on the planet’s timescale.”

Wright, in part, is why the “hard step” model has long been dominated by his own astrophysics discipline, the default field used to understand the formation of planetary and celestial systems. I explained that it’s what I’m doing.

The team’s papers are a collaboration between physicists and geoscientists, each learning from each other’s fields and cultivating subtle pictures of how life on planets like Earth evolves.

“This paper is the most generous act of interdisciplinary work,” says McCaladi, who directs the Pennsylvania Center for Astrobiology Research. “Our fields were so far away, we put them on the same page and we’re in this question, how did we get here, and if we’re alone, there’s a bay, and a bridge. I built it.”

Researchers said they plan to test alternative models, including questioning the unique status of the proposed evolutionary “hard step.” Recommended research projects are outlined in current papers and include research such as searching the atmosphere of planets outside the solar system for biosignature, such as the presence of oxygen.

The team also tested the proposed “hard step” requirements and studied unit and multicellular morphology of living under certain environmental conditions such as lower oxygen and temperature levels, and actually did not I suggested that you determine if it’s just stiff.

Beyond the proposed project, the team will discuss whether innovation is a true event in Earth’s history, including the origin of life, oxygen photosynthesis, eukaryotic cells, animal multicellularity, and homo sapiens. I suggested that we need to investigate. Similar innovations could have evolved independently in the past, but have any evidence that they have happened been lost due to extinction or other factors?

“This new perspective suggests that the emergence of intellectual life may not be such a long shot after all,” Wright said.

“Instead of a series of unlikely events, evolution is a more predictable process and can unfold as much as global conditions allow. Our framework is not only on Earth, but on other planets. That’s true, increasing the likelihood that a life similar to ours exists elsewhere.”

Another co-author of this paper is Adam Frank, from the University of Rochester.